 MANZANAR RINGO-EN
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 These images are some of my favorite. There nearly 500 Manzanar internment images in the National Archives files. I encourage you to visit the archives and peruse the many photographs. Once you click on the icon above and are taken to the archives, type in "Manzanar" and then press "Display Results" and the images will be displayed in sets of nine. You might observe, as I did, that the internees appear rather unnaturally joyous in these pictures. I don't think that having been dislocated from their homes and businesses, forced to live in a harsh desert environment and confined to barracks with no insulation would have made them this happy. But as Jeanne Wakatsuki points out in her book, Farewell to Manzanar, Japanese Americans told each other very quietly to "Shikata ga nai" ("It must be done", or, as my Japanese friend says, "Suck it up [and get on with life]." Perhaps this is what encouraged them to put a smile on their face. Unless otherwise noted all photographs are from Dorothea Lange. Text excerpts followed by a "JWH" are from Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston & James D. Houston's book "Farewell to Manzanar" |
Sports & Other Extra-Curricular Activities
(excerpts from Farewell to Manzanar) "In June the schools were closed for good. After a final commencement exercise the teachers were dismissed. The high school produced a second yearbook, Valediction 1945, summing up its years in camp. The introduction shows a page-wide photo of a forearm and hand squeezing pliers around a length of taut barbed wire strung beneath one of the towers. Across the page runs the caption, 'From Our World . . . through these portals . . . to new horizons.'" (JWH) "Then the word went out that the entire camp would close without fail by December 1 [1945]. Those who did not choose to leave voluntarily would be scheduled for resettlement in weekly quotas. Once you were scheduled, you could choose a place - a state, a city, a town - and the government would pay your way there. If you didn't choose, they'd send you back to the community you lived in before you were evacuated. Papa gave himself up to the schedule. The government had put him here, he reasoned, the government could arrange his departure. What could he lose by waiting? Outside he had no job to go back to. A California law passed in 1943 made it illegal now for Issei to hold commercial fishing licenses. And his boats and nets were gone, he knew - confiscated or stolen. Here in camp he had shelter. The women and children still with him had enough to eat. He decided to sit it out as long as he could." (JWH) "Papa read the papers and studied the changeless peaks, while all around us other families were moving out, forcing our name ever higher on the list. Every day bus loads left from the main gate, heading south with their quotas, filled with Mamas and Papas and Grannies who had postponed movement as long as possible, and soldiers' wives like Chizu, and children like Kiyo and May and me, too young yet to be out on our own. Some of the older folks resisted leaving right up to the end and had to have their bags packed for them and be physically lifted and shoved onto the busses. When our day finally arrived, in early October, there were maybe 2,000 people still living out there, waiting their turn and hoping it wouldn't come." (JWH) "Before the war he [Papa] had always preferred off-beat, unpredictable cars that no one else of his acquaintance would be likely to own. For a couple of years he drove a long, six-cylinder Chrysler that got about nine miles to the gallon. In the early thirties he drove a Terraplane. Late that afternoon he came back from Lone Pine in a midnight blue Nash sedan, fondling the short, stubby gearshift that projected from its dashboard. The gearshift was what attracted him, and it was one of the few parts of that car to reach southern California unscathed. To get all nine of us, plus our clothes and the odds and ends of furniture we'd accumulated, from Owens Valley 225 miles south to Long Beach, Papa had to make the trip three times. He pushed the car so hard it broke down about every hundred miles or so. In all it took four days. ...[Papa's] mood began to match what mine had been since we drove out the main gate, as if what we had all been dreading so long was finally to appear, at any moment, without warning - a burst of machine-gun fire, or a row of Burma-Shave signs saying Japs Go Back Where You Came From. Due to wartime priorities, very little new housing had been developed. Now, 60,000 Japanese Americans were returning to their former communities on the west coast and being put into trailer camps, Quonset huts, back rooms of private homes, church social halls, anywhere they could fit." (JWH) "Mama picked up the kitchenware and some silver she had stored with neighbors in Boyle Heights. But the warehouse where she'd stored the rest had been unaccountable 'robbed' - of furniture, appliances, and most of those silvery anniversary gifts. Papa already knew the car he'd put money on before Pearl Harbor had been repossessed. And, as he suspected, no record of his fishing boats remained. This put him right back where he'd been in 1904, arriving in a new land and starting over from economic zero. Papa would never accept anything like a cannery job. And if he did, Mama's shame would be even greater than his: this would be a sure sign that we had hit rock bottom. So she went to work with as much pride as she could muster. Early each morning she would make up her face. She would fix her hair, cover it with a flimsy net, put on a clean white cannery worker's dress, and stick a brightly colored handkerchief in the lapel pocket. The car pool horn would honk, and she would rush out to join four other Japanese women who had fixed their hair that morning, applied the vanishing cream, and sported freshly ironed hankies." (JWH) "At its peak, in the summer of '42, Manzanar was the biggest city between Reno and Los Angeles, a special kind of western boom town that sprang from the sand, flourished, had its day, and now has all but disappeared. The barracks are gone, torn down right after the war. The guard towers are gone, and the mess halls and shower rooms, the hospital, the tea gardens, and the white buildings outside the compound. Thirty years earlier, army bulldozers had scraped everything clean to start construction." (JWH) |
Report on Health and Physical Education at Manzanar - June 1944
 Dancing at Manzanar - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Frances Stewart) |
 Choir practice with Director Louie Frizzell (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Maye Noma behind the plate and Tomi Nagao at bat in a practice game between members of the Chick-a-dee soft ball team. |
 12/24 Men's baseball team (Photograph courtesy of Toyo Miyatake) |
 Members of the Chick-A-Dee softball team playing softball (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Frances Stewart) |
 Members of the Chick-A-Dee softball team playing softball Squad leaders with hands on bat - L/R: Ritsuko Masuda, Marion Fujii (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Frances Stewart) |
 Golfing at Manzanar - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Frances Stewart) |
 Dancing at Manzanar - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Clem Albers) |
 Boys starting a baseball game - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Clem Albers) |
 Dancing at Manzanar - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Art School - 1942 Instruction is given in artificial flower making, oil and water-color, life-drawing and sketching, glittering, poster making and fashion drawing (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
 Enjoying a baseball game at Manzanar - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
 6th grad boy senjoying a game of baseball (Photo by Francis Stewart courtesy of Online Archive of California) |
 Women's basketball at Manzanar - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Men's basketball at Manzanar - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Choir practice with Director Louie Frizzell (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Choir practice with Director Louie Frizzell (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Girls playing volleyball (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Girls playing volleyball (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
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 Girls doing calisthenics (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Baseball practice (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Girls basketball game (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
11/23 Japanese girls playing ping pong - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photo by Francis Stewart courtesy of Online Archive of California) |
Journalism
Manzanar Free Press Anniversary Edition - March 20, 1943
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 Manzanar Free Press. (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Manzanar Free Press in operation - 1942 Published twice and given away free. (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
 Manzanar Free Press. (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Manzanar Free Press. (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Manzanar Free Press in operation - 1942 Published twice and given away free. (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
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 Roy Takeno and staff (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Takeshi Shindo - Manzanar Free Press Reporter (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
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 Manzanar Free Press in operation - 1942 Published twice and given away free. (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
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Agriculture & Other Work / Social Activities
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 Lathe house where guayule rubber plants are being grown- 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Plots 10 x 50 foot "hobby gardens" between blocks of barracks - 1942. |
 H. Kawase, 20 (L), and M. Sakai, 22, operate tractor preparing ground for sowing onion seeds - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Mori Nakashima on his chicken farm (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Mori Nakashima on his chicken farm (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Benji Iguchi on tractor in field (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Hog farm (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Experimental guayule nursery- 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Irrigating "Hobby Gardens" - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
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 Benji Leuchi with squash (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Tsutomu Fuhunago unloading produce truck (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Electrical line crew at work (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Manzanar Post Office - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Clem Albers) |
 Working in the community gardens (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) |
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 Making camouflage nets for the War Department. |
 Making camouflage nets for the War Department. |
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 Making camouflage nets for the War Department. |
 Control gate on irrigation canal - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
 Newcomers getting vaccinated - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Clem Albers) |
 Manzanar Post Office (A branch of the Los Angeles Post Office) - 1942 A 2 cent stamp will send a letter first class to Los Angeles (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Clem Albers) |
 Manzanar Fire Department personnel - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Gathering firewood - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Clem Albers) |
 Manzanar Fire Department personnel - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Part of the dental staff at Manzanar - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
 Emergency hospital - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
 View of the "Hobby Gardens" at Manzanar - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
 Johnny Fukazawa's farm crew - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Dorothea Lange) |
 Practice fire drill from the Manzanar fire department - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Practice fire drill from the Manzanar fire department - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Jack Toyo in the Manzanar garment factory - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Francis Stewart) |
 Spades for garden work at Manzanar - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) (Photographer Clem Albers) |
 Benji Iguchi on tractor in field (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Benji Iguchi on tractor in field (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Repairing the tractor (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Potato Field (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Cattle (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Masako Suzuki in her Co-op Store (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 T. S. Yonai in the Butcher Shop (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 T. S. Yonai in the Butcher Shop (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Manzanar Warehouse L/R: M. Ogi - Manager, S. Sugimoto - Co-op Manager, Bunkichi Hayashi (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Frank Hirosama in the lab (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Bert K. Miura - Pattern Maker (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Hidimi Tayenaka - Woodworker (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Bert K. Miura and and Toshiko Kadonada, bundling and shipping fabric (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Potato field at Manzanar (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Guayule rubber plant field (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Co-op Store (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Frank Hirosawa (left) and assistant in laboratory working with large trash cans. (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Mrs. Ryie Yoshizawa, instructor, standing in front of class of women students, one woman in foreground with dressmaker's dummy. (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Mrs. Ryie Yoshizawa and class of women students at table, looking at fashion magazines and patterns. Students are: Satoko Oka, Chizuko Karnii, Takako Nakanishi, Kikiyo Yamasuchi, Masako Kimochita, Mitsugo Fugi, Mie Mio, Chiye Kawase, and Miyeko Hoshozike. (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Mrs. Ryie Yoshizawa and class of women students at table with fabric and dressmaking equipment. Students are: Satoko Oka, Chizuko Karnii, Takako Nakanishi, Kikiyo Yamasuchi, Masako Kimochita, Mitsugo Fugi, Mie Mio, Chiye Kawase, and Miyeko Hoshozike (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Sumiko Shigematsu at the textile sewing machine. (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Sumiko Shigematsu, foreman of power sewing machine girls (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Nurse Aiko Hamaguchi, mother Frances Yokoyama, baby Fukomoto (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Nurse Aiko Hamaguchi and patient Toyoko Ioki (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Plots 10 x 50 foot "hobby gardens" between blocks of barracks. |
 Eugene Bogard, Commanding Officer of the Army Registration team, explains to you evacuees details of volunteering in the Army Combat team - 1943 (Photographer - Francis Stewart) |
11/23 Garden at Manzanar - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Presbyterian Historical Society) |
11/23 Ben Iguchi, 20, from Saugus, CA thins young plants in a two-acre field of white radishes- 1942 (Photo by Francis Stewart courtesy Online Archive of California) |
11/23 Ichiro Okmura, 22 (left), from Venice, CA, and Ben Iguchi (20), from Saugus, CA, thin young plants in a two-acre field of white radished. - 1942 (Photo by Francis Stewart courtesy Online Archive of California) |
11/23 Irrigating recently plantedonion field at the WRA Manzanar. - 1942 (Photo by Francis Stewart courtesy Online Archive of California) |
 The Manzanar Band - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) |
 The Hautakai Singing Group (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) |
 Mr. Yamamoto's tailoring class (Photograph from Seiko Ishida's photo album - courtesy of Calisphere) |
 The Manzanar Modernaire's Club - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) |
 The Manzanar Public Works Crew - A. M. Sandridge Chief Engineer and staff - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) |
 The Manzanar High School Band - 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) |
Religious Services
 Catholic Church (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams)
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 Buddhist church (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Catholic Church (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 People leaving the Buddhist Church (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Children in Sunday School Class (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Sunday School Class (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Sunday School Class (Photograph courtesy of Library of Congress) (Photographer Ansel Adams) |
 Panorama of the Seicho no le religious group in front of the Manzanar Children's Village - October 5, 1943 (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) |
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 Reverend Shinjo Nagatomi with his congregation in front of the Buddhist Church at Manzanar (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) |
 Funeral at the Buddhist Church at Manzanar (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) |
11/23 Japanese Relocation Center in Manzanar - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Presbyterian Historical Society) |
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 Group photo for the funeral of Keijiro Imamura at the Buddhist Church at Manzanar (Photograph courtesy of Calisphere) |
11/23 Presbyterian church in Manzanar - 1942 (Photograph courtesy of Presbyterian Historical Society) |
Epilogue (excerpts from Farewell to Manzanar) "As I came to understand what Manzanar had meant, it gradually filled me with shame for being a person guilty of something enormous enough to deserve that kind of treatment. In order to please my accusers, I tried, for the first few years after our release, to become someone acceptable. I both succeeded and failed. By the age of seventeen I knew that making it, in the terms I had tried to adopt, was not only unlikely, but false and empty, no more authentic for me than trying to emulate my Great-aunt Toyo. I needed some grounding of my own, such as Woody had found when he went to commune with her and with our ancestors in Ka-ke. It took me another twenty years to accumulate the confidence to deal with what the equivalent experience would have to be for me. It's outside the scope of this book to recount all that happened in the interim. Suffice to say, I was the first to marry out of my race. As my husband and I began to raise our family, and as I sought for ways to live agreeably in Anglo-American society, my memories of Manzanar, for many years, lived far below the surface. When we finally started to talk about making a trip to visit the ruins of the camp, something would inevitably get in the way of our plans. Mainly my own doubts, my fears. I half-suspected that the place did not exist. So few people I met in those years had even heard of it, and those who had knew so little about it, sometimes I imagined I had made the whole thing up, dreamed it. Even among my brothers and sisters, we seldom discussed the internment. If we spoke of it all all, we joked. When I think of how that secret lived in all our lives, I remember the way Kiyo and I responded to a little incident soon after we got out of camp. We were sitting on a bus-stop bench in Long Beach, when an old, embittered woman stopped and said, 'Why don't all you dirty Japs go back to Japan!' She spit at us and passed on. We said nothing at the time. After she stalked off down the sidewalk we did not look at each other. We sat there for maybe fifteen minutes with downcast eyes and finally got up and walked home. We couldn't bear to mention it to anyone in the family. And over the years we never spoke of this insult. It stayed alive in our separate memories, but it was too painful to call out into the open. .............................................. We were alone out there [Jeanne & her family finally made it to Manzanar.], too far from the road to hear anything but wind. I thought of Mama, now seven years gone. For a long time I stood gazing at the monument [The Japanese 'Memorial to the Dead']. I couldn't step inside the fence. I believe in ghosts and spirits. I knew I was in the presence of those who had died at Manzanar. I also felt the spiritual presence that always lingers near awesome wonders like Mount Whitney. Then, as if rising from the ground around us on the valley floor, I began to hear the first whispers, nearly inaudible, from all those thousands who once had lived out here, a wide, windy sound of the ghost of that life. As we began to walk, it grew to a murmur, a thin steady hum. ................................................ My husband started walking them [her children] back to the car. I stayed behind a moment longer, first watching our eleven-year-old stride ahead, leading her brother and sister. She has long dark hair like mine and was then the same age I had been when the camp closed. It was so simple, watching her, to see why everything that had happened to me since we left camp referred back to it, in one way or another. At that age your body is changing, your imagination is galloping, your mind is in that zone between a child's vision and an adult's. Papa's life ended at Manzanar, though he lived for twelve more years after getting out. Until this trip I had not been able to admit that my own life really began there. The times I thought I had dreamed it were one way of getting rid of it, part of wanting to lose it, part of what you might call a whole Manzanar mentality I had lived with for twenty-five years. Much more than a remembered place, it had become a state of mind. Now, having seen it, I no longer wanted to lose it or to have those years erased. Having found it, I could say what you can only say when you've truly come to know a place: Farewell." (JWH) |
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Vintage Sierra Nevada Panoramas | |
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Ghosts of the Past - Owens Valley Aqueduct & Cottonwood Sawmill | |
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20-Mule-Team History |
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More WW2 War Relocation Authority Center History |
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Manzanar High School |
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Manzanar Journal - Berry Tamura |
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Manzanar Town, Owens Valley |
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This page was last updated on 04 December 2024